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34\u6848\u786e\u7acb\u7684\u6807\u51c6\uff1a\u4ec5\u5f53\u516c\u53f8\u88ab\u7528\u4f5c\u201cfacade\u201d\uff08\u8868\u8c61\uff09\u4ee5\u9690\u7792\u771f\u5b9e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u3001\u89c4\u907f\u73b0\u6709\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e49\u52a1\u6216\u632b\u8d25\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u6551\u6d4e\uff0c\u4e14\u5b58\u5728\u8d85\u51fa\u5355\u7eaf\u4e0d\u5f53\u4f7f\u7528\u7684\u201cimpropriety\u201d\uff08\u4e0d\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\uff09\u65f6\uff0c\u65b9\u53ef\u9002\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u7f8e\u5143\u503a\u8fdd\u7ea6\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u5b9e\u63a7\u4eba\u82e5\u901a\u8fc7\u53d1\u884c\u4eba\u8f6c\u79fb\u8d44\u91d1\u81f3\u81ea\u8eab\u3001\u5173\u8054\u65b9\u6216\u5883\u5185\u9879\u76ee\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u53d1\u884c\u4eba\u65e0\u529b\u507f\u503a\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u80fd\u6784\u6210\u9762\u7eb1\u523a\u7834\u8981\u4ef6\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u9700\u4e3e\u8bc1\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u53d1\u884c\u4eba\u7cfb\u5b9e\u63a7\u4eba\u63a7\u5236\u4e0b\u7684\u201cmere facade\u201d\uff0c\u5373\u5176\u5b58\u5728\u4ec5\u4e3a\u89c4\u907f\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d23\u4efb\u800c\u8bbe\u7acb\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u8f6c\u79fb\u884c\u4e3a\u65e8\u5728\u9003\u907f\u503a\u5238\u5951\u7ea6\u4e0b\u7684\u507f\u503a\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u4e14\u4f34\u968f\u6b3a\u8bc8\u610f\u56fe\u6216\u4e0d\u5f53\u76ee\u7684\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u65e0\u5176\u4ed6\u5e38\u89c4\u6551\u6d4e\u8db3\u4ee5\u4fdd\u62a4\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f00\u66fc\u6cd5\u9662\u5728Algosaibi v Saad [2018] 3 CILR 1\u6848\u4e2d\u660e\u786e\u91c7\u7eb3Prest\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u5f3a\u8c03\u4e8b\u5b9e\u654f\u611f\u6027\uff1a\u9700\u5bf9\u5b9e\u63a7\u4eba\u652f\u914d\u7a0b\u5ea6\u3001\u8d44\u91d1\u6d41\u5411\u53ca\u4ea4\u6613\u65f6\u673a\u8fdb\u884c\u6df1\u5165\u5ba1\u67e5\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u82e5\u5b9e\u63a7\u4eba\u6307\u793a\u53d1\u884c\u4eba\u5411\u5173\u8054\u5b9e\u4f53\u63d0\u4f9b\u65e0\u5bf9\u4ef7\u8d37\u6b3e\u6216\u62c5\u4fdd\uff0c\u800c\u53d1\u884c\u4eba\u5df2\u5904\u4e8e\u8d44\u4e0d\u62b5\u503a\u72b6\u6001\uff0c\u6b64\u884c\u4e3a\u53ef\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u5229\u7528\u516c\u53f8\u4eba\u683c\u632b\u8d25\u503a\u6743\u5b9e\u73b0\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6210\u529f\u523a\u7834\u9762\u7eb1\u540e\uff0c\u5b9e\u63a7\u4eba\u5c06\u5bf9\u53d1\u884c\u4eba\u503a\u52a1\u627f\u62c5\u8fde\u5e26\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u53ef\u76f4\u63a5\u9488\u5bf9\u5176\u5b9e\u65bd\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u6263\u62bc\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d44\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bc9\u8bbc\u65f6\uff0c\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u539f\u544a\u5411\u5f00\u66fc\u5927\u6cd5\u9662\u63d0\u8d77\u5ba3\u544a\u4e4b\u8bc9\uff0c\u65e0\u9700\u7b49\u5f85\u6e05\u76d8\u4eba\u4e3b\u5bfc\uff0c\u4f46\u9700\u5728\u76f8\u5173\u65f6\u6548\u5185\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u516d\u5e74\uff09\u542f\u52a8\uff0c\u4ee5\u907f\u514d\u6297\u8fa9\u6210\u7acb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%81%E5%BD%B1%E5%AD%90%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E4%B8%8E%E4%BA%8B%E5%AE%9E%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E8%B4%A3%E4%BB%BB%E6%9C%BA%E5%88%B6\"><\/span>\u4e8c\u3001\u5f71\u5b50\u8463\u4e8b\u4e0e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8463\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\u673a\u5236<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f00\u66fc\u300a\u516c\u53f8\u6cd5\u300b\uff08Companies Act\uff09\u7b2c89\u6761\u660e\u786e\u5b9a\u4e49\u201c\u5f71\u5b50\u8463\u4e8b\u201d\uff08shadow director\uff09\u4e3a\u201c\u8463\u4e8b\u60ef\u5e38\u4f9d\u636e\u5176\u6307\u793a\u6216\u6307\u4ee4\u884c\u4e8b\u4e4b\u4eba\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9e\u63a7\u4eba\u867d\u672a\u6b63\u5f0f\u62c5\u4efb\u53d1\u884c\u4eba\u8463\u4e8b\uff0c\u4f46\u82e5\u5176\u901a\u8fc7\u6307\u4ee4\u3001\u653f\u7b56\u5236\u5b9a\u6216\u91cd\u5927\u51b3\u7b56\u4e3b\u5bfc\u53d1\u884c\u4eba\u4e8b\u52a1\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u80fd\u88ab\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u5f71\u5b50\u8463\u4e8b\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u627f\u62c5\u4e0e\u6b63\u5f0f\u8463\u4e8b\u540c\u7b49\u7684\u4fe1\u4e49\u4e49\u52a1\u53ca\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5728\u8fdd\u7ea6\u60c5\u5f62\u4e0b\uff0c\u5f71\u5b50\u8463\u4e8b\u8d23\u4efb\u5c24\u4e3a\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9e\u63a7\u4eba\u82e5\u5728\u53d1\u884c\u4eba\u507f\u503a\u80fd\u529b\u6076\u5316\u540e\uff0c\u4ecd\u6307\u4ee4\u8d44\u91d1\u8f6c\u79fb\u6216\u7ee7\u7eed\u8fd0\u8425\u4ee5\u7ef4\u6301\u4e2a\u4eba\u63a7\u5236\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u80fd\u89e6\u53d1\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f00\u66fc\u6cd5\u9662\u5224\u4f8b\u786e\u8ba4\uff0c\u5f71\u5b50\u8463\u4e8b\u5728\u6e05\u76d8\u6216\u91cd\u6574\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e2d\u9700\u627f\u62c5\u4e0ede jure\u8463\u4e8b\u76f8\u540c\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u5305\u62ec\u907f\u514d\u4e0d\u5f53\u4ea4\u6613\u53ca\u4fdd\u62a4\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7\u7533\u8bf7\u6cd5\u9662\u8c03\u67e5\u6216\u76f4\u63a5\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u8bc1\u660e\u5b9e\u63a7\u4eba\u201cdirections or instructions\u201d\u7684\u6a21\u5f0f\u6027\u5b58\u5728\uff0c\u4f8b\u5982\u901a\u8fc7\u8463\u4e8b\u4f1a\u4f1a\u8bae\u8bb0\u5f55\u3001\u90ae\u4ef6\u5f80\u6765\u6216\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u8bc1\u8a00\u9501\u5b9a\u8bc1\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e0e\u5f71\u5b50\u8463\u4e8b\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u4e8b\u5b9e\u8463\u4e8b\uff08de facto director\uff09\u8d23\u4efb\u4ea6\u53ef\u9002\u7528\uff1a\u82e5\u5b9e\u63a7\u4eba\u867d\u672a\u83b7\u6b63\u5f0f\u4efb\u547d\uff0c\u4f46\u5b9e\u9645\u884c\u4f7f\u8463\u4e8b\u804c\u6743\uff0c\u5176\u884c\u4e3a\u540c\u6837\u53d7\u8463\u4e8b\u4e49\u52a1\u7ea6\u675f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4e24\u7c7b\u8d23\u4efb\u5747\u53ef\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e2a\u4eba\u635f\u5bb3\u8d54\u507f\u8d23\u4efb\uff0c\u5c24\u5176\u5728\u516c\u53f8\u8fdb\u5165\u65e0\u529b\u507f\u503a\u72b6\u6001\u65f6\uff0c\u8463\u4e8b\uff08\u5305\u62ec\u5f71\u5b50\u8463\u4e8b\uff09\u5bf9\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u7684\u6ce8\u610f\u4e49\u52a1\u52a0\u91cd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u59d4\u5458\u4f1a\u53ef\u8054\u5408\u884c\u52a8\uff0c\u7533\u8bf7\u5f00\u66fc\u6cd5\u9662\u4efb\u547d\u72ec\u7acb\u8c03\u67e5\u5458\uff0c\u5f3a\u5236\u62ab\u9732\u5b9e\u63a7\u4eba\u6307\u4ee4\u8bc1\u636e\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u786e\u7acb\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d23\u4efb\u57fa\u7840\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%B8%89%E3%80%81%E8%91%A3%E4%BA%8B%E4%BF%A1%E4%B9%89%E4%B9%89%E5%8A%A1%E8%BF%9D%E5%8F%8D%E4%B8%8E%E6%AC%BA%E8%AF%88%E6%80%A7%E4%BA%A4%E6%98%93\"><\/span>\u4e09\u3001\u8463\u4e8b\u4fe1\u4e49\u4e49\u52a1\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e0e\u6b3a\u8bc8\u6027\u4ea4\u6613<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5f00\u66fc\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u53ca\u300a\u516c\u53f8\u6cd5\u300b\u8981\u6c42\u8463\u4e8b\uff08\u542b\u5f71\u5b50\u8463\u4e8b\uff09\u627f\u62c5\u4fe1\u4e49\u4e49\u52a1\uff08fiduciary duties\uff09\u4e0e\u6280\u80fd\u3001\u6ce8\u610f\u53ca\u52e4\u52c9\u4e49\u52a1\uff08duties of skill, care and diligence\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u4fe1\u4e49\u4e49\u52a1\u5305\u62ec\u5fe0\u8bda\u3001\u907f\u514d\u5229\u76ca\u51b2\u7a81\u53ca\u5584\u610f\u884c\u4e8b\uff1b\u5f53\u516c\u53f8\u6fd2\u4e34\u8d44\u4e0d\u62b5\u503a\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u4e49\u52a1\u8f6c\u5411\u4f18\u5148\u4fdd\u62a4\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u96c6\u4f53\u5229\u76ca\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5b9e\u63a7\u4eba\u82e5\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e0a\u8ff0\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u5bfc\u81f4\u8d44\u91d1\u4e0d\u5f53\u8f6c\u79fb\uff0c\u5373\u9700\u627f\u62c5\u4e2a\u4eba\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u5177\u4f53\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u300a\u516c\u53f8\u6cd5\u300b\u7b2c147\u6761\u7981\u6b62\u6b3a\u8bc8\u6027\u4ea4\u6613\uff08fraudulent trading\uff09\uff1a\u82e5\u5b9e\u63a7\u4eba\u660e\u77e5\u516c\u53f8\u65e0\u529b\u507f\u503a\u4ecd\u7ee7\u7eed\u7ecf\u8425\u6216\u6307\u4ee4\u8f6c\u79fb\u8d22\u4ea7\uff0c\u4ee5\u6b3a\u8bc8\u503a\u6743\u4eba\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u53ef\u5224\u4ee4\u5176\u4e2a\u4eba\u627f\u62c5\u516c\u53f8\u503a\u52a1\u5168\u90e8\u6216\u90e8\u5206\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8be5\u6761\u9002\u7528\u4e8e\u8fdd\u7ea6\u524d\u540e\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u4e3e\u8bc1\u91cd\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u201cintent to defraud\u201d\u2014\u2014\u53ef\u901a\u8fc7 circumstantial evidence\uff08\u5982\u8f6c\u79fb\u65f6\u673a\u7d27\u968f\u8fdd\u7ea6\u3001\u53d7\u76ca\u4eba\u4e3a\u5b9e\u63a7\u4eba\u5173\u8054\u65b9\uff09\u63a8\u5b9a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u6b64\u5916\uff0cmisfeasance\uff08\u4e0d\u5f53\u884c\u4e3a\uff09\u6551\u6d4e\u5141\u8bb8\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u6216\u6e05\u76d8\u4eba\u9488\u5bf9\u5b9e\u63a7\u4eba\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e49\u52a1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\u63d0\u8d77\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u8d54\u507f\u516c\u53f8\u635f\u5931\uff08\u5373\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u95f4\u63a5\u635f\u5931\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u82e5\u8f6c\u79fb\u8d44\u91d1\u6784\u6210knowing receipt\uff08\u77e5\u60c5\u6536\u53d7\uff09\u6216constructive trust\uff08\u63a8\u5b9a\u4fe1\u6258\uff09\uff0c\u5b9e\u63a7\u4eba\u4f5c\u4e3a\u53d7\u76ca\u4eba\u9700\u8fd4\u8fd8\u8d22\u4ea7\u6216\u627f\u62c5\u8861\u5e73\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u503a\u5238\u6301\u6709\u4eba\u53ef\u4e3b\u5f20\u7ebd\u7ea6\u6cd5\u4e0b\u7684\u5951\u7ea6\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e0e\u5f00\u66fc\u6cd5\u4e0b\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\u8fdd\u53cd\u53cc\u91cd\u7ba1\u8f96\uff0c\u589e\u5f3a\u80dc\u8bc9\u53ef\u80fd\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%9B%9B%E3%80%81%E8%AF%89%E8%AE%BC%E7%AD%96%E7%95%A5%E3%80%81%E8%B7%A8%E5%A2%83%E5%8D%8F%E8%B0%83%E4%B8%8E%E8%AF%81%E6%8D%AE%E4%BF%9D%E5%85%A8%E7%9A%84%E4%BC%98%E5%8C%96%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%84\"><\/span>\u56db\u3001\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7b56\u7565\u3001\u8de8\u5883\u534f\u8c03\u4e0e\u8bc1\u636e\u4fdd\u5168\u7684\u4f18\u5316\u8def\u5f84<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p>\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u8ffd\u7d22\u5b9e\u63a7\u4eba\u8d23\u4efb\u9700\u5236\u5b9a\u7cfb\u7edf\u7b56\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9996\u5148\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u5408\u9002\u7ba1\u8f96\uff1a\u5f00\u66fc\u5927\u6cd5\u9662\u4e3a\u9996\u8981\u8bba\u575b\uff0c\u56e0\u53d1\u884c\u4eba\u6ce8\u518c\u5730\u5728\u6b64\uff1b\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u5229\u7528\u503a\u5238\u5951\u7ea6\u4e2d\u7684\u7ebd\u7ea6\u6cd5\u53ca\u7ba1\u8f96\u6761\u6b3e\uff0c\u5728\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u90a6\u6cd5\u9662\u63d0\u8d77\u5e73\u884c\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u82e5\u5b9e\u63a7\u4eba\u5177\u6709\u7f8e\u56fd\u8054\u7cfb\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8d44\u4ea7\u6216\u5c45\u7559\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u9999\u6e2f\u6cd5\u9662\u53ef\u4f5c\u4e3a\u6267\u884c\u5e73\u53f0\uff0c\u627f\u8ba4\u5f00\u66fc\u5224\u51b3\u5e76\u534f\u52a9\u8d44\u4ea7\u51bb\u7ed3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u8bc1\u636e\u4fdd\u5168\u81f3\u5173\u91cd\u8981\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p>\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u53ef\u7533\u8bf7Norwich 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