{"id":2192,"date":"2026-06-09T18:52:55","date_gmt":"2026-06-09T10:52:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.yuanddu.cn\/?p=2192"},"modified":"2026-06-09T18:52:56","modified_gmt":"2026-06-09T10:52:56","slug":"p2p%e5%8f%8a%e9%9d%9e%e6%b3%95%e9%9b%86%e8%b5%84%e9%9d%9e%e5%90%b8%e8%af%88%e9%aa%97%ef%bc%8c%e5%a2%83%e5%a4%96%e8%b5%84%e4%ba%a7%e6%b0%91%e4%ba%8b%e8%bf%bd%e7%b4%a2%e5%9b%9b%e5%a4%a7%e8%af%89","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.yuanddu.cn\/?p=2192","title":{"rendered":"P2P\u53ca\u975e\u6cd5\u96c6\u8d44\u975e\u5438\u8bc8\u9a97\uff0c\u5883\u5916\u8d44\u4ea7\u6c11\u4e8b\u8ffd\u7d22\u56db\u5927\u8bc9\u56e0\u8be6\u89e3"},"content":{"rendered":"\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">P2P\u7f51\u7edc\u501f\u8d37\u3001\u975e\u6cd5\u5438\u6536\u516c\u4f17\u5b58\u6b3e\u53ca\u96c6\u8d44\u8bc8\u9a97\u7b49\u6848\u5728\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5168\u7403\u5316\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\u5448\u73b0\u8d44\u4ea7\u5916\u9003\u7684\u65b0\u5f62\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u72af\u7f6a\u5206\u5b50\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u5883\u5185\u5b9e\u65bd\u8bc8\u9a97\u540e\uff0c\u8fc5\u901f\u5c06\u975e\u6cd5\u6240\u5f97\u901a\u8fc7\u5730\u4e0b\u94b1\u5e84\u3001\u865a\u5047\u8d38\u6613\u3001\u79bb\u5cb8\u516c\u53f8\u6216\u52a0\u5bc6\u8d27\u5e01\u7b49\u65b9\u5f0f\u8f6c\u79fb\u81f3\u5883\u5916\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e00\u884c\u4e3a\u5bfc\u81f4\u4e2d\u56fd\u5883\u5185\u5211\u4e8b\u8ffd\u8d43\u7a0b\u5e8f\u9762\u4e34\u7ba1\u8f96\u6743\u9650\u5236\u3001\u8bc1\u636e\u8de8\u5883\u8c03\u53d6\u56f0\u96be\u53ca\u6267\u884c\u969c\u788d\u7b49\u591a\u91cd\u6311\u6218\uff0c\u5927\u91cf\u6295\u8d44\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u6743\u76ca\u96be\u4ee5\u901a\u8fc7\u5355\u7eaf\u5211\u4e8b\u8def\u5f84\u5f97\u5230\u5145\u5206\u6551\u6d4e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u6b64\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u53d7\u5bb3\u6295\u8d44\u4eba\u8f6c\u5411\u5883\u5916\u542f\u52a8\u6c11\u5546\u4e8b\u6c11\u4e8b\u7d22\u8d54\u7a0b\u5e8f\uff0c\u5df2\u6210\u4e3a\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u8865\u5145\u4e0e\u66ff\u4ee3\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u8de8\u5883\u6c11\u4e8b\u8ffd\u7d22\u4e0d\u4ec5\u80fd\u72ec\u7acb\u4e8e\u5211\u4e8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u63a8\u8fdb\uff0c\u8fd8\u80fd\u501f\u52a9\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u7cfb\uff08\u5982\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u9999\u6e2f\u3001\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u3001\u5f00\u66fc\u3001BVI\u7b49\uff09\u6210\u719f\u7684\u8861\u5e73\u6cd5\u673a\u5236\uff0c\u5b9e\u73b0\u5bf9\u5883\u5916\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u6709\u6548\u9501\u5b9a\u4e0e\u8ffd\u56de\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u800c\u5728\u6b64\u7c7b\u8bc8\u9a97\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u8de8\u5883\u8ffd\u7d22\u4e2d\uff0c\u9009\u62e9\u9002\u5f53\u7684\u8bc9\u56e0\uff08Cause of Action\uff09\u662f\u6210\u529f\u7684\u5173\u952e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u76f4\u63a5\u51b3\u5b9a\u4e86\u539f\u544a\u80fd\u5426\u987a\u5229\u786e\u7acb\u7ba1\u8f96\u6743\u3001\u80fd\u5426\u7533\u8bf7\u5230\u5173\u952e\u7684\u8bc9\u524d\u7981\u4ee4\u3001\u80fd\u5426\u7a7f\u900f\u590d\u6742\u7684\u58f3\u516c\u53f8\u7ed3\u6784\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u6700\u7ec8\u80fd\u5426\u5b9e\u9645\u6267\u884c\u5230\u8d44\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u8bc9\u56e0\u9009\u62e9\u4e0d\u5f53\uff0c\u5373\u4f7f\u539f\u544a\u5728\u5b9e\u4f53\u5ba1\u7406\u4e2d\u8d62\u5f97\u4e86\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u4e5f\u6781\u6709\u53ef\u80fd\u56e0\u4e3a\u201c\u5bf9\u4eba\u5224\u51b3\u201d\u7684\u5c40\u9650\u6027\uff0c\u9762\u5bf9\u88ab\u544a\u65e9\u5df2\u7a7a\u58f3\u5316\u7684\u8d26\u6237\uff0c\u62ff\u5230\u4e00\u5f20\u65e0\u6cd5\u6267\u884c\u7684\u201c\u767d\u7eb8\u201d\u5224\u51b3\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u6587\u805a\u7126\u8de8\u5883\u6c11\u4e8b\u8ffd\u7d22\u4e2d\u6700\u6838\u5fc3\u7684\u56db\u5927\u8bc9\u56e0\u8def\u5f84\u2014\u2014\u4fb5\u6743\u4e4b\u8bc9\u3001\u63a8\u5b9a\u4fe1\u6258\u4e0e\u4e0d\u5f53\u5f97\u5229\u3001\u8fdd\u53cd\u4fe1\u4e49\u4e49\u52a1\u4ee5\u53ca\u5408\u540c\u4e4b\u8bc9\uff0c\u7ed3\u5408P2P\u53ca\u975e\u6cd5\u96c6\u8d44\u8bc8\u9a97\u7684\u5178\u578b\u7279\u5f81\uff0c\u5256\u6790\u5176\u6cd5\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u3001\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u53ca\u4f18\u52a3\u52bf\uff0c\u4e3a\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\u53ca\u4e13\u4e1a\u7814\u7a76\u4eba\u5458\u63d0\u4f9b\u65b0\u7684\u601d\u8def\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u672c\u6587\u6765\u81ea\u300c\u5168\u7403\u8d44\u4ea7\u8ffd\u7d22\u8bc4\u8bba\u300d\u7cfb\u5217\u6587\u7ae0\uff0c\u7531\u675c\u56fd\u680b\u5f8b\u5e08\u56e2\u961f\u521b\u4f5c\uff0c\u805a\u7126\u4e8e\u6d77\u5916\u8d44\u4ea7\u8c03\u67e5\u548c\u5883\u5916\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4e0e\u6267\u884c\uff0c\u6709\u6548\u5e94\u5bf9\u503a\u52a1\u4eba\u6d77\u5916\u8d44\u4ea7\u8f6c\u79fb\u7684\u96be\u9898\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_1 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-grey ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u6587\u7ae0\u76ee\u5f55<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"Toggle Table of Content\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">Toggle<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #999;color:#999\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewBox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseProfile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1 ' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/www.yuanddu.cn\/?p=2192\/#%E4%B8%80%E3%80%81%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%84%E4%B8%80%EF%BC%9A%E4%BE%B5%E6%9D%83%E4%B9%8B%E8%AF%89%EF%BC%88Claims_in_Tort%EF%BC%89\" >\u4e00\u3001\u8def\u5f84\u4e00\uff1a\u4fb5\u6743\u4e4b\u8bc9\uff08Claims in Tort\uff09<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/www.yuanddu.cn\/?p=2192\/#%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%81%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%84%E4%BA%8C%EF%BC%9A%E6%8E%A8%E5%AE%9A%E4%BF%A1%E6%89%98%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%8D%E5%BD%93%E5%BE%97%E5%88%A9\" >\u4e8c\u3001\u8def\u5f84\u4e8c\uff1a\u63a8\u5b9a\u4fe1\u6258\u4e0e\u4e0d\u5f53\u5f97\u5229<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/www.yuanddu.cn\/?p=2192\/#%E4%B8%89%E3%80%81%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%84%E4%B8%89%EF%BC%9A%E8%BF%9D%E5%8F%8D%E4%BF%A1%E4%B9%89%E4%B9%89%E5%8A%A1%EF%BC%88Breach_of_Fiduciary_Duty%EF%BC%89\" >\u4e09\u3001\u8def\u5f84\u4e09\uff1a\u8fdd\u53cd\u4fe1\u4e49\u4e49\u52a1\uff08Breach of Fiduciary Duty\uff09<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/www.yuanddu.cn\/?p=2192\/#%E5%9B%9B%E3%80%81%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%84%E5%9B%9B%EF%BC%9A%E5%90%88%E5%90%8C%E4%B9%8B%E8%AF%89%EF%BC%88Breach_of_Contract%EF%BC%89\" >\u56db\u3001\u8def\u5f84\u56db\uff1a\u5408\u540c\u4e4b\u8bc9\uff08Breach of Contract\uff09<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-2'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/www.yuanddu.cn\/?p=2192\/#%E4%BA%94%E3%80%81%E7%BB%93%E8%AF%AD\" >\u4e94\u3001\u7ed3\u8bed<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%B8%80%E3%80%81%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%84%E4%B8%80%EF%BC%9A%E4%BE%B5%E6%9D%83%E4%B9%8B%E8%AF%89%EF%BC%88Claims_in_Tort%EF%BC%89\"><\/span>\u4e00\u3001\u8def\u5f84\u4e00\uff1a\u4fb5\u6743\u4e4b\u8bc9\uff08Claims in Tort\uff09<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4fb5\u6743\u4e4b\u8bc9\u662f\u8de8\u5883\u6b3a\u8bc8\u6c11\u4e8b\u8ffd\u7d22\u4e2d\u6700\u7b26\u5408\u76f4\u89c9\u3001\u4e5f\u662f\u4f20\u7edf\u6c11\u5546\u4e8b\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4e2d\u6700\u5e38\u63d0\u53ca\u7684\u8def\u5f84\u3002\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u903b\u8f91\u5728\u4e8e\uff0c\u72af\u7f6a\u5206\u5b50\u901a\u8fc7\u6b3a\u8bc8\u6027\u7684\u6076\u610f\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4fb5\u5bb3\u4e86\u6295\u8d44\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u8d22\u4ea7\u6743\u76ca\uff0c\u4ece\u800c\u5e94\u5f53\u627f\u62c5\u635f\u5bb3\u8d54\u507f\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u5e38\u89c1\u5177\u4f53\u8bc9\u56e0\u53ca\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u7cfb\u8981\u4ef6<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u7cfb\uff08\u5982\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u9999\u6e2f\u3001\u65b0\u52a0\u5761\u7b49\uff09\u4ee5\u53ca\u878d\u5408\u4e86\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u4f20\u7edf\u7684\u53f8\u6cd5\u7ba1\u8f96\u533a\u4e2d\uff0c\u8de8\u5883\u6b3a\u8bc8\u5f15\u53d1\u7684\u4fb5\u6743\u4e4b\u8bc9\u901a\u5e38\u7ec6\u5206\u4e3a\u4ee5\u4e0b\u51e0\u79cd\u5177\u4f53\u8bc9\u56e0\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u6b3a\u8bc8\u6027\u4e0d\u5b9e\u9648\u8ff0\uff08Fraudulent Misrepresentation\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bc9\u56e0\u6e90\u4e8e\u7ecf\u5178\u7684 Derry v Peek \u6848\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bc9\u56e0\u76f4\u63a5\u9488\u5bf9\u8bc8\u9a97\u7684\u4e3b\u72af\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5176\u786e\u7acb\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u8981\u4ef6\u6781\u5176\u4e25\u82db\uff0c\u539f\u544a\u5fc5\u987b\u8bc1\u660e\uff1a\uff081\uff09\u88ab\u544a\u505a\u51fa\u4e86\u5173\u4e8e\u4e8b\u5b9e\u7684\u4e0d\u5b9e\u9648\u8ff0\uff1b\uff082\uff09\u88ab\u544a\u5728\u505a\u51fa\u9648\u8ff0\u65f6\u660e\u77e5\u5176\u4e3a\u865a\u5047\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5bf9\u8be5\u9648\u8ff0\u7684\u771f\u4f2a\u91c7\u53d6\u201c\u6beb\u4e0d\u5728\u4e4e\u3001\u6f20\u4e0d\u5173\u5fc3\u201d\uff08Reckless as to whether it be true or false\uff09\u7684\u6001\u5ea6\uff1b\uff083\uff09\u88ab\u544a\u610f\u56fe\u4ee5\u6b64\u8bf1\u5bfc\u539f\u544a\u91c7\u53d6\u884c\u52a8\uff1b\uff084\uff09\u539f\u544a\u57fa\u4e8e\u5bf9\u8be5\u9648\u8ff0\u7684\u4fe1\u8d56\uff08Reliance\uff09\u906d\u53d7\u4e86\u5b9e\u9645\u635f\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u5171\u8c0b\u6b3a\u8bc8\uff08Conspiracy to Defraud\uff09\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bc9\u56e0\u76f4\u63a5\u9488\u5bf9\u8bc8\u9a97\u7684\u4ece\u72af\u3002\u5728\u8de8\u56fd\u56e2\u4f19\u4f5c\u6848\u6216\u8bbe\u7f6e\u591a\u5c42\u6d17\u94b1\u901a\u9053\u7684\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u5171\u8c0b\u4fb5\u6743\u662f\u7a7f\u900f\u591a\u4eba\u8054\u5408\u72af\u7f6a\u7684\u5229\u5668\u3002\u5171\u8c0b\u5206\u4e3a\u201c\u4e0d\u6cd5\u624b\u6bb5\u5171\u8c0b\u201d\u548c\u201c\u5408\u6cd5\u624b\u6bb5\u5171\u8c0b\u201d\u3002\u5728\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bed\u5883\u4e0b\uff0c\u539f\u544a\u901a\u5e38\u6307\u63a7\u88ab\u544a\u7b49\u4eba\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u6cd5\u624b\u6bb5\uff08\u5982\u865a\u5047\u53d1\u7968\u3001\u865a\u5047\u8d26\u6237\uff09\u8fbe\u6210\u8054\u5408\u534f\u8bae\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u76ee\u7684\u6216\u7ed3\u679c\u662f\u9020\u6210\u539f\u544a\u8d22\u4ea7\u6d41\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u6545\u610f\u59a8\u5bb3\u7ecf\u6d4e\u5229\u76ca\uff08Intentional Interference with Economic Interests\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e00\u8bc9\u56e0\u76f4\u63a5\u9488\u5bf9\u4e3a\u8bc8\u9a97\u63d0\u4f9b\u4fbf\u5229\u7684\u5b9e\u4f53\u3002\u8fd9\u4e3b\u8981\u7528\u4e8e\u6307\u63a7\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u84c4\u610f\u4ecb\u5165\u6216\u7834\u574f\u539f\u544a\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u6c11\u4e8b\u4e3b\u4f53\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5408\u6cd5\u7ecf\u6d4e\u6d41\u8f6c\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u4e0d\u6cd5\u624b\u6bb5\u81f4\u4f7f\u539f\u544a\u906d\u53d7\u91cd\u5927\u7ecf\u6d4e\u635f\u5931\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u4fb5\u6743\u4e4b\u8bc9\u7684\u663e\u8457\u4f18\u52bf<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4fb5\u6743\u4e4b\u8bc9\u7684\u4f18\u52bf\u5728\u4e8e\u5176\u6982\u5ff5\u6e05\u6670\u3001\u76f4\u63a5\u9488\u5bf9\u6076\u6027\u884c\u4e3a\u672c\u8eab\u3002\u5bf9\u4e8e\u6cd5\u5b98\u800c\u8a00\uff0c\u60e9\u7f5a\u6b3a\u8bc8\u884c\u4e3a\u3001\u8865\u507f\u53d7\u5bb3\u8005\u7b26\u5408\u666e\u904d\u7684\u6734\u7d20\u6b63\u4e49\u89c2\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b64\u5916\uff0c\u4fb5\u6743\u4e4b\u8bc9\u7684\u8bc9\u6c42\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5168\u9762\u7684\u635f\u5bb3\u8d54\u507f\uff0c\u5176\u8d54\u507f\u8303\u56f4\u4e0d\u4ec5\u5305\u62ec\u76f4\u63a5\u8d22\u4ea7\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u5728\u67d0\u4e9b\u53f8\u6cd5\u7ba1\u8f96\u533a\u751a\u81f3\u53ef\u80fd\u6db5\u76d6\u884d\u751f\u635f\u5931\u6216\u60e9\u7f5a\u6027\u8d54\u507f\uff0c\u8fd9\u5728\u6cd5\u7406\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u6781\u5f3a\u7684\u60e9\u6212\u4e0e\u8865\u507f\u529f\u80fd\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u6838\u5fc3\u52a3\u52bf\uff1a\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u7d22\u8d54\u6743<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5c3d\u7ba1\u4fb5\u6743\u4e4b\u8bc9\u5728\u5b9e\u4f53\u6cd5\u4e0a\u903b\u8f91\u4e25\u5bc6\uff0c\u4f46\u5728\u8de8\u5883\u8d44\u4ea7\u8ffd\u7d22\u7684\u5b9e\u52a1\u4e2d\uff0c\u5b83\u5374\u5b58\u5728\u7740\u81f4\u547d\u7684\u7ed3\u6784\u6027\u7f3a\u9677\uff1a\u4fb5\u6743\u8d23\u4efb\u5728\u672c\u8d28\u4e0a\u5c5e\u4e8e\u201c\u5bf9\u4eba\u7684\u7d22\u8d54\u6743\u201d\uff08Right In Personam\uff09\u6216\u201c\u503a\u6743\u6027\u8bf7\u6c42\u6743\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u610f\u5473\u7740\uff0c\u4fb5\u6743\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7684\u80dc\u8bc9\u5224\u51b3\u4ec5\u4ec5\u786e\u7acb\u4e86\u88ab\u544a\u201c\u4e2a\u4eba\u201d\u6b20\u539f\u544a\u4e00\u7b14\u503a\u52a1\u3002\u5224\u51b3\u672c\u8eab\u5e76\u4e0d\u80fd\u76f4\u63a5\u8d4b\u4e88\u539f\u544a\u5bf9\u88ab\u544a\u540d\u4e0b\u67d0\u9879\u5177\u4f53\u8d44\u4ea7\uff08\u5982\u67d0\u4e2a\u7279\u5b9a\u94f6\u884c\u8d26\u6237\u91cc\u7684\u5b58\u6b3e\u3001\u67d0\u5904\u623f\u4ea7\u6216\u4fe1\u6258\u57fa\u91d1\uff09\u7684\u6392\u4ed6\u6027\u6743\u5229\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u6b3a\u8bc8\u6848\u4ef6\u4e2d\uff0c\u6b3a\u8bc8\u5206\u5b50\u5728\u83b7\u53d6\u8d44\u91d1\u540e\uff0c\u51e0\u4e4e\u65e0\u4e00\u4f8b\u5916\u5730\u4f1a\u91c7\u53d6\u201c\u8d44\u91d1\u6c89\u6dc0\u6d17\u51c0\u201d\u7b56\u7565\u2014\u2014\u901a\u8fc7\u79bb\u5cb8\u7a7a\u58f3\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u865a\u5047\u8d38\u6613\u3001\u5730\u4e0b\u94b1\u5e84\u6216\u52a0\u5bc6\u8d27\u5e01\u6df7\u5e01\u5668\uff0c\u5c06\u8d44\u91d1\u8fc5\u901f\u8f6c\u79fb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f53\u539f\u544a\u5386\u7ecf\u6570\u5e74\u8bc9\u8bbc\u3001\u8017\u8d39\u5de8\u989d\u5f8b\u5e08\u8d39\u62ff\u5230\u4fb5\u6743\u80dc\u8bc9\u5224\u51b3\u65f6\uff0c\u88ab\u544a\u4e2a\u4eba\u540d\u4e0b\u5f80\u5f80\u65e9\u5df2\u6ca1\u6709\u4efb\u4f55\u53ef\u4f9b\u6267\u884c\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u88ab\u544a\u5df2\u7ecf\u5ba3\u544a\u7834\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u539f\u544a\u53ea\u80fd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u666e\u901a\u65e0\u62c5\u4fdd\u503a\u6743\u4eba\u53c2\u4e0e\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u7834\u4ea7\u8d22\u4ea7\u5206\u914d\uff0c\u5206\u914d\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5fae\u4e4e\u5176\u5fae\u3002\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u4ec5\u51ed\u4fb5\u6743\u4e4b\u8bc9\uff0c\u539f\u544a\u62ff\u5230\u7684\u5f80\u5f80\u53ea\u662f\u4e00\u5f20\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5b9e\u8d28\u6267\u884c\u529b\u7684\u201c\u767d\u7eb8\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%BA%8C%E3%80%81%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%84%E4%BA%8C%EF%BC%9A%E6%8E%A8%E5%AE%9A%E4%BF%A1%E6%89%98%E4%B8%8E%E4%B8%8D%E5%BD%93%E5%BE%97%E5%88%A9\"><\/span>\u4e8c\u3001\u8def\u5f84\u4e8c\uff1a\u63a8\u5b9a\u4fe1\u6258\u4e0e\u4e0d\u5f53\u5f97\u5229<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e3a\u4e86\u514b\u670d\u4fb5\u6743\u4e4b\u8bc9\u201c\u5bf9\u4eba\u4e0d\u5bf9\u7269\u201d\u7684\u5c40\u9650\uff0c\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u7cfb\u53d1\u5c55\u51fa\u4e86\u4e00\u5957\u6781\u5177\u5a01\u529b\u4e14\u5728\u56fd\u9645\u8d44\u4ea7\u8ffd\u7d22\u4e2d\u88ab\u5949\u4e3a\u201c\u738b\u724c\u5de5\u5177\u201d\u7684\u6743\u76ca\u6027\u6551\u6d4e\u673a\u5236\uff08Equitable Remedies\uff09\u2014\u2014\u63a8\u5b9a\u4fe1\u6258\uff08Constructive Trust\uff09\u4e0e\u4e0d\u5f53\u5f97\u5229\uff08Unjust Enrichment\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e00\u8def\u5f84\u5728\u82f1\u56fd\u3001\u4e2d\u56fd\u9999\u6e2f\u3001\u5f00\u66fc\u7fa4\u5c9b\u3001\u82f1\u5c5e\u7ef4\u5c14\u4eac\u7fa4\u5c9b\uff08BVI\uff09\u7b49\u56fd\u9645\u91d1\u878d\u4e2d\u5fc3\u548c\u79bb\u5cb8\u5730\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u8ffd\u7d22\u4e2d\u53d1\u6325\u7740\u51b3\u5b9a\u6027\u4f5c\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u5e95\u5c42\u6cd5\u7406\u903b\u8f91\uff1a\u5c06\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8005\u5f3a\u884c\u754c\u5b9a\u4e3a\u201c\u53d7\u6258\u4eba\u201d<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u63a8\u5b9a\u4fe1\u6258\u5e76\u975e\u6e90\u4e8e\u5f53\u4e8b\u4eba\u7684\u81ea\u613f\u8bbe\u7acb\uff0c\u800c\u662f\u7531\u6cd5\u9662\u57fa\u4e8e\u8861\u5e73\u6cd5\uff08Equity\uff09\u539f\u5219\u5f3a\u884c\u65bd\u52a0\u7684\u4e00\u79cd\u6cd5\u5f8b\u62df\u5236\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5176\u6838\u5fc3\u6cd5\u7406\u903b\u8f91\u5728\u4e8e\uff1a\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u6b3a\u8bc8\u3001\u72af\u7f6a\u7b49\u975e\u6cd5\u624b\u6bb5\u4ece\u539f\u544a\u5904\u83b7\u53d6\u7684\u8d44\u91d1\uff0c\u5728\u8861\u5e73\u6cd5\u4e0a\uff0c\u5176\u6240\u6709\u6743\uff08Equitable Title\uff09\u4ece\u672a\u771f\u6b63\u8f6c\u79fb\u7ed9\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8005\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6cd5\u9662\u5728\u8ba4\u5b9a\u6b3a\u8bc8\u4e8b\u5b9e\u540e\uff0c\u4f1a\u5ba3\u544a\u8be5\u7b14\u8d44\u91d1\u6216\u8d44\u4ea7\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u63a8\u5b9a\u4fe1\u6258\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8005\u5728\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4e0a\u88ab\u89c6\u4e3a\u4ec5\u4ec5\u6301\u6709\u8be5\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u201c\u6cd5\u5b9a\u6240\u6709\u6743\u201d\uff08Legal Title\uff09\uff0c\u800c\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u201c\u6743\u76ca\u6027\u6240\u6709\u6743\u201d\uff08Beneficial Ownership\uff09\u4f9d\u7136\u5c5e\u4e8e\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u56e0\u6b64\uff0c\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8005\u662f\u4ee5\u201c\u63a8\u5b9a\u53d7\u6258\u4eba\u201d\u7684\u8eab\u4efd\uff0c\u4ee3\u8868\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\uff08\u53d7\u76ca\u4eba\uff09\u6301\u6709\u8fd9\u7b14\u8d44\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0d\u5f53\u5f97\u5229\u5219\u4f5c\u4e3a\u76f8\u8f85\u76f8\u6210\u7684\u8bc9\u56e0\uff0c\u65e8\u5728\u8bba\u8bc1\u88ab\u544a\u83b7\u53d6\u8be5\u7b14\u8d22\u4ea7\u7f3a\u4e4f\u6cd5\u5f8b\u4f9d\u636e\uff08Lack of Juristic Reason\uff09\uff0c\u4e14\u81f4\u4f7f\u539f\u544a\u906d\u53d7\u635f\u5931\uff0c\u56e0\u6b64\u88ab\u544a\u8d1f\u6709\u8fd4\u8fd8\u8d22\u4ea7\u7684\u539f\u72b6\u4e49\u52a1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u6838\u5fc3\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a\u201c\u5bf9\u7269\u6743\u201d\u7684\u4f18\u5148\u6027\u4e0e\u8ffd\u8e2a\u6743<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u76f8\u8f83\u4e8e\u4fb5\u6743\u4e4b\u8bc9\uff0c\u63a8\u5b9a\u4fe1\u6258\u4e0e\u4e0d\u5f53\u5f97\u5229\u5177\u6709\u4e24\u4e2a\u4e0d\u53ef\u66ff\u4ee3\u7684\u964d\u7ef4\u6253\u51fb\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u7269\u6743\u4f18\u5148\u6027\uff08Proprietary Priority\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u7531\u4e8e\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\u88ab\u8ba4\u5b9a\u4e3a\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u201c\u771f\u6b63\u6743\u76ca\u6240\u6709\u4eba\u201d\uff0c\u5f53\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8005\u9677\u5165\u7834\u4ea7\u6e05\u7b97\u65f6\uff0c\u53d7\u5236\u4e8e\u63a8\u5b9a\u4fe1\u6258\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u5728\u6cd5\u7406\u4e0a\u4e0d\u5c5e\u4e8e\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u7834\u4ea7\u8d22\u4ea7\uff08Non-divisible Property\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\u53ef\u4ee5\u8de8\u8d8a\u6240\u6709\u666e\u901a\u503a\u6743\u4eba\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u8be5\u7b14\u8d44\u4ea7\u6574\u4f53\u5265\u79bb\u5e76\u6536\u56de\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u79cd\u201c\u5bf9\u7269\u7684\u7d22\u8d54\u6743\uff08In Rem\uff09\u201d\u6216\u6743\u76ca\u6027\u7269\u6743\u8bf7\u6c42\u6743\uff08Equitable Proprietary Claim\uff09\uff0c\u662f\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\u5728\u88ab\u544a\u7834\u4ea7\u6f6e\u4e2d\u4fdd\u5168\u8d44\u4ea7\u7684\u552f\u4e00\u65b9\u821f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u8ffd\u8e2a\u6743\u4e0e\u8ffd\u7d22\u6743\uff08Tracing and Following\uff09<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u662f\u666e\u901a\u6cd5\u8861\u5e73\u6cd5\u6700\u5177\u5a01\u529b\u7684\u6b66\u5668\u3002\u8ffd\u8e2a\u6743\u5141\u8bb8\u539f\u544a\u201c\u987a\u85e4\u6478\u74dc\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff081\uff09\u7269\u7406\u8ffd\u8e2a\uff08Following\uff09<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8d44\u4ea7\u5373\u4f7f\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u6301\u6709\u4e3b\u4f53\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8bc8\u9a97\u5206\u5b50\u5c06\u8d43\u6b3e\u8f6c\u7ed9\u4e86\u81ea\u5df1\u7684\u60c5\u4eba\u6216\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u7a7a\u58f3\u516c\u53f8\uff09\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u8be5\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u4e0d\u662f\u201c\u8bda\u4fe1\u6709\u507f\u4e14\u4e0d\u77e5\u60c5\u7684\u4e70\u53d7\u4eba\u201d\uff08Equity&#8217;s Darling &#8211; Bona Fide Purchaser for Value Without Notice\uff09\uff0c\u539f\u544a\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u5411\u8be5\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u4e3b\u5f20\u7269\u6743\uff0c\u5f3a\u5236\u5176\u8fd4\u8fd8\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h5 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff082\uff09\u4ef7\u503c\u8ffd\u8e2a\uff08Tracing\uff09<\/h5>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8d44\u4ea7\u5373\u4f7f\u6539\u53d8\u4e86\u5b58\u5728\u5f62\u6001\uff08\u4f8b\u5982\u8bc8\u9a97\u5206\u5b50\u7528\u8d43\u6b3e\u8d2d\u4e70\u4e86\u4e00\u8258\u6e38\u8247\u3001\u4e00\u5904\u8c6a\u5b85\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u5151\u6362\u6210\u4e86\u6bd4\u7279\u5e01\uff09\uff0c\u8ffd\u8e2a\u6743\u5141\u8bb8\u539f\u544a\u5c06\u6240\u6709\u6743\u7ebd\u5e26\u8f6c\u79fb\u81f3\u8be5\u7269\u4e0a\uff0c\u5bf9\u6e38\u8247\u6216\u8c6a\u5b85\u4e3b\u5f20\u6743\u76ca\u6027\u62c5\u4fdd\uff08Equitable Lien\uff09\u6216\u63a8\u5b9a\u4fe1\u6258\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u6838\u5fc3\u52a3\u52bf\uff1a\u4e25\u82db\u7684\u201c\u7269\u6743\u7ebd\u5e26\uff08Proprietary Nexus\uff09\u201d\u4e3e\u8bc1\u8d23\u4efb<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5929\u5e73\u7684\u53e6\u4e00\u7aef\u662f\u6781\u9ad8\u6602\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u6210\u672c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u63a8\u5b9a\u4fe1\u6258\u7684\u6210\u7acb\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u539f\u544a\u5fc5\u987b\u786e\u51ff\u5730\u8bc1\u660e\u201c\u7269\u6743\u7ebd\u5e26\u201d\uff08Proprietary Nexus\uff09\u7684\u8fde\u7eed\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u539f\u544a\u4e0d\u80fd\u4ec5\u4ec5\u8bc1\u660e\u201c\u88ab\u544a\u9a97\u4e86\u6211100\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\uff0c\u800c\u88ab\u544a\u73b0\u5728\u8d26\u6237\u91cc\u6070\u597d\u6709100\u4e07\u7f8e\u5143\u201d\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u539f\u544a\u5fc5\u987b\u901a\u8fc7\u73af\u73af\u76f8\u6263\u7684\u94f6\u884c\u6d41\u6c34\u3001SWIFT\u62a5\u6587\u3001\u6216\u8005\u533a\u5757\u94fe\u4ea4\u6613\u54c8\u5e0c\u503c\uff08TxID\uff09\uff0c\u6e05\u6670\u5730\u52fe\u52d2\u51fa\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u7269\u7406\u6d41\u5411\uff08Tracing Chain\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u65e6\u8d44\u91d1\u6df7\u5165\u4e86\u5927\u989d\u7684\u6d3b\u8dc3\u5546\u4e1a\u8d26\u6237\uff0c\u89e6\u53d1\u4e86\u201c\u8d44\u91d1\u6df7\u540c\uff08Mixed Funds\uff09\u201d\u7684\u590d\u6742\u6e05\u7b97\u89c4\u5219\uff08\u5982 Clayton\u2019s Case \u89c4\u5219\u6216\u6309\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5206\u914d\u539f\u5219\uff09\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u8d44\u91d1\u94fe\u6761\u65ad\u88c2\u3001\u7ebf\u7d22\u65ad\u6389\uff0c\u63a8\u5b9a\u4fe1\u6258\u7684\u7269\u6743\u8bf7\u6c42\u6743\u5c31\u53ef\u80fd\u529f\u4e8f\u4e00\u7bd1\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%B8%89%E3%80%81%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%84%E4%B8%89%EF%BC%9A%E8%BF%9D%E5%8F%8D%E4%BF%A1%E4%B9%89%E4%B9%89%E5%8A%A1%EF%BC%88Breach_of_Fiduciary_Duty%EF%BC%89\"><\/span>\u4e09\u3001\u8def\u5f84\u4e09\uff1a\u8fdd\u53cd\u4fe1\u4e49\u4e49\u52a1\uff08Breach of Fiduciary Duty\uff09<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6709\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u8bc8\u9a97\u662f\u57fa\u4e8e\u8bc8\u9a97\u5206\u5b50\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u804c\u52a1\uff0c\u800c\u4e0d\u662f\u5b64\u7acb\u7684\u4e2a\u4eba\u884c\u4e3a\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u8bc8\u9a97\u5206\u5b50\u5229\u7528\u5176\u5728\u4f01\u4e1a\u5185\u90e8\u7684\u9ad8\u7ba1\u804c\u52a1\u800c\u4fb5\u541e\u516c\u53f8\u8d44\u4ea7\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u662f\u4f5c\u4e3a\u4e13\u4e1a\u4e2d\u4ecb\u673a\u6784\u670d\u52a1\u5ba2\u6237\u8fc7\u7a0b\u4e2d\u4fb5\u5360\u5ba2\u6237\u8d44\u4ea7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u6b64\u80cc\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u8fdd\u53cd\u4fe1\u4e49\u4e49\u52a1\u4e4b\u8bc9\uff08Breach of Fiduciary Duty\uff09\u53ca\u5176\u884d\u751f\u8bc9\u56e0\uff0c\u6210\u4e3a\u4e86\u6269\u5927\u8ffd\u7d22\u5708\u3001\u6307\u5411\u201c\u6709\u507f\u4ed8\u80fd\u529b\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u201d\u7684\u5229\u5668\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\uff1a\u5185\u9b3c\u7a7f\u900f\u4e0e\u4e13\u4e1a\u4e2d\u4ecb\u7684\u5171\u72af\u5316<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4fe1\u4e49\u5173\u7cfb\uff08Fiduciary Relationship\uff09\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u516c\u53f8\u8463\u4e8b\u4e0e\u516c\u53f8\u3001\u53d7\u6258\u4eba\u4e0e\u53d7\u76ca\u4eba\u3001\u5408\u4f19\u4eba\u4e4b\u95f4\uff0c\u751a\u81f3\u5728\u7279\u5b9a\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\u5b58\u5728\u4e8e\u63d0\u4f9b\u9ad8\u5ea6\u4e13\u4e1a\u4fe1\u8d56\u670d\u52a1\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u4e0e\u5ba2\u6237\u4e4b\u95f4\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f53\u8de8\u56fd\u6b3a\u8bc8\u6d89\u53ca\u4f01\u4e1a\u9ad8\u7ba1\u201c\u91cc\u5e94\u5916\u5408\u201d\u8f6c\u79fb\u8d44\u4ea7\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u539f\u672c\u8d1f\u6709\u770b\u95e8\u4eba\u804c\u8d23\u7684\u4e13\u4e1a\u4e2d\u4ecb\uff08\u5982\u5408\u4f19\u94f6\u884c\u3001\u6cd5\u52a1\u4f1a\u8ba1\u5e08\u3001\u6ce8\u518c\u4ee3\u7406\u4eba\u3001\u8d22\u5bcc\u7ba1\u7406\u7ecf\u7406\uff09\u6df1\u5ea6\u53c2\u4e0e\u6d17\u94b1\u65f6\uff0c\u8fdd\u53cd\u4fe1\u4e49\u4e49\u52a1\u4e4b\u8bc9\u4fbf\u8fce\u6765\u4e86\u7528\u6b66\u4e4b\u5730\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u884d\u751f\u8bc9\u56e0\uff1a\u4e0d\u8bda\u4fe1\u534f\u52a9\u4e0e\u77e5\u60c5\u53d7\u8ba9<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5728\u8de8\u5883\u8d44\u4ea7\u8ffd\u7d22\u4e2d\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u8d77\u8bc9\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8005\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u5df2\u7ecf\u5377\u6b3e\u6f5c\u9003\u6216\u9690\u533f\uff09\u5f80\u5f80\u96be\u4ee5\u53d6\u5f97\u5b9e\u8d28\u6548\u679c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8861\u5e73\u6cd5\u4e3a\u6b64\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u4e24\u4e2a\u6781\u5177\u7a7f\u900f\u529b\u7684\u884d\u751f\u8bc9\u56e0\uff0c\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u534f\u52a9\u8bc8\u9a97\u5206\u5b50\u8f6c\u79fb\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\uff08\u901a\u5e38\u662f\u5177\u5907\u96c4\u539a\u8d22\u529b\u7684\u91d1\u878d\u673a\u6784\u6216\u4e13\u4e1a\u673a\u6784\uff09\u62c9\u5165\u8bc9\u8bbc\u5708\uff1a<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u4e0d\u8bda\u4fe1\u534f\u52a9\uff08Dishonest Assistance\uff09\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u5b58\u5728\u4e00\u4e2a\u57fa\u7840\u7684\u8fdd\u53cd\u4fe1\u4e49\u4e49\u52a1\u6216\u8fdd\u53cd\u4fe1\u6258\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff08\u5982\u9ad8\u7ba1\u632a\u7528\u8d44\u91d1\uff09\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u4e2d\u4ecb\u534f\u52a9\u4e86\u8be5\u8fdd\u53cd\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u4e14\u8be5\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5728\u534f\u52a9\u65f6\u4e3b\u89c2\u4e0a\u5177\u6709\u4e0d\u8bda\u4fe1\uff08Dishonesty\uff09\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8d77\u8bc9\u8be5\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6839\u636e\u8457\u540d\u7684 Royal Brunei Airlines v Tan \u4ee5\u53ca Twinsectra v Yardley \u6848\u786e\u7acb\u7684\u5ba2\u89c2\u4e0e\u4e3b\u89c2\u7ed3\u5408\u6807\u51c6\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u4e13\u4e1a\u4eba\u5458\u660e\u77e5\u8d44\u91d1\u6765\u6e90\u53ef\u7591\uff0c\u5374\u4f9d\u7136\u4e3a\u4e86\u8d5a\u53d6\u9ad8\u989d\u624b\u7eed\u8d39\u800c\u95ed\u773c\u653e\u884c\uff08Willful Blindness\uff09\uff0c\u5373\u53ef\u8ba4\u5b9a\u5176\u6784\u6210\u4e0d\u8bda\u4fe1\u534f\u52a9\u3002\u6b64\u65f6\uff0c\u8be5\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5fc5\u987b\u627f\u62c5\u4e0e\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8005\u5171\u540c\u4e14\u8fde\u5e26\u7684\u8d54\u507f\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u77e5\u60c5\u53d7\u8ba9\uff08Knowing Receipt\uff09\uff1a<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u8bc8\u9a97\u5206\u5b50\u5c06\u8d44\u4ea7\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7ed9\u4e86\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\uff0c\u800c\u8be5\u8f6c\u8ba9\u8fdd\u53cd\u4e86\u4fe1\u4e49\u4e49\u52a1\u6216\u4fe1\u6258\u6027\u8d28\uff0c\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6536\u5230\u4e86\u8be5\u8d44\u4ea7\uff0c\u5e76\u4e14\u5728\u6536\u5230\u8d44\u4ea7\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u638c\u63e1\u7684\u77e5\u8bc6\uff08Knowledge\uff09\u4f7f\u5f97\u7406\u6240\u5f53\u7136\u5e94\u8be5\u77e5\u9053\u8be5\u8d44\u4ea7\u6765\u5386\u4e0d\u660e\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\u5c31\u53ef\u4ee5\u76f4\u63a5\u8d77\u8bc9\u8be5\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8fd9\u4e0d\u8981\u6c42\u8bc1\u660e\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u6709\u9884\u8c0b\u7684\u201c\u4e0d\u8bda\u4fe1\u201d\uff0c\u53ea\u8981\u8bc1\u660e\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u5728\u6536\u5230\u5de8\u989d\u8d44\u91d1\u65f6\uff0c\u5df2\u77e5\u6216\u5e94\u77e5\u8fd9\u7b14\u94b1\u662f\u522b\u4eba\u53e3\u888b\u91cc\u7684\u8d43\u6b3e\u5373\u53ef\u3002\u8fd9\u5927\u5927\u964d\u4f4e\u4e86\u5bf9\u5177\u6709\u8d44\u91d1\u507f\u4ed8\u80fd\u529b\u7684\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u7684\u8ffd\u8d23\u95e8\u69db\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u8def\u5f84\u4f18\u52a3\u52bf\u8bc4\u4f30<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u4f18\u52bf\uff1a \u5f00\u8f9f\u4e86\u5168\u65b0\u7684\u4f18\u8d28\u8fd8\u6b3e\u6e90<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u6b3a\u8bc8\u5206\u5b50\u53ef\u80fd\u662f\u4e00\u65e0\u6240\u6709\u7684\u4ea1\u547d\u4e4b\u5f92\uff0c\u4f46\u534f\u52a9\u5f00\u6237\u3001\u8f6c\u8d26\u7684\u8de8\u56fd\u94f6\u884c\u3001\u4fe1\u6258\u516c\u53f8\u6216\u7406\u8d22\u987e\u95ee\u5374\u62e5\u6709\u5de8\u989d\u8d44\u4ea7\u548c\u804c\u4e1a\u8d23\u4efb\u4fdd\u9669\u3002\u5c06\u8fd9\u4e9b\u5916\u56f4\u4e3b\u4f53\u62c9\u5165\u8bc9\u8bbc\uff0c\u80fd\u77ac\u95f4\u626d\u8f6c\u8ffd\u7d22\u7684\u7ecf\u6d4e\u53ef\u884c\u6027\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u52a3\u52bf\uff1a \u6cd5\u5f8b\u62df\u5236\u548c\u4e3b\u89c2\u72b6\u6001\u7684\u8bc1\u660e\u6781\u96be<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u65e0\u8bba\u662f\u201c\u4e0d\u8bda\u4fe1\u201d\u8fd8\u662f\u201c\u77e5\u60c5\u201d\uff0c\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u4e3b\u89c2\u5fc3\u7406\u72b6\u6001\u3002\u5728\u7f3a\u4e4f\u5185\u90e8\u7206\u6599\u4eba\u6216\u5f3a\u529b\u8bc9\u524d\u201c\u62ab\u9732\u4ee4\u201d\uff08\u5982 Norwich Pharmacal Order\uff09\u7684\u60c5\u51b5\u4e0b\uff0c\u5916\u90e8\u539f\u544a\u5f88\u96be\u5728\u8d77\u8bc9\u521d\u671f\u5c31\u62ff\u5230\u8bc1\u660e\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u201c\u5fc3\u6000\u9b3c\u80ce\u201d\u7684\u76f4\u63a5\u8bc1\u636e\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E5%9B%9B%E3%80%81%E8%B7%AF%E5%BE%84%E5%9B%9B%EF%BC%9A%E5%90%88%E5%90%8C%E4%B9%8B%E8%AF%89%EF%BC%88Breach_of_Contract%EF%BC%89\"><\/span>\u56db\u3001\u8def\u5f84\u56db\uff1a\u5408\u540c\u4e4b\u8bc9\uff08Breach of Contract\uff09<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8de8\u5883\u6b3a\u8bc8\u5e76\u975e\u603b\u662f\u8868\u73b0\u4e3a\u8d64\u88f8\u88f8\u7684\u76d7\u7a83\u6216\u9ed1\u5ba2\u653b\u51fb\uff0c\u66f4\u591a\u6848\u4ef6\u5f80\u5f80\u62ab\u7740\u5408\u6cd5\u4ea4\u6613\u7684\u5916\u8863\u3002\u4f8b\u5982\uff0c\u865a\u5047\u7684\u7406\u8d22\u6295\u8d44\u670d\u52a1\u3002\u5728\u6b64\u7c7b\u573a\u666f\u4e0b\uff0c\u5408\u540c\u4e4b\u8bc9\uff08Breach of Contract\uff09\u662f\u4e00\u6761\u4e0d\u53ef\u5ffd\u89c6\u7684\u5e38\u89c4\u8def\u5f84\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff08\u4e00\uff09\u9002\u7528\u573a\u666f\u4e0e\u6cd5\u7406\u57fa\u7840<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f53\u539f\u544a\u4e0e\u6b3a\u8bc8\u5b9e\u65bd\u65b9\uff08\u6216\u5176\u8bbe\u7acb\u7684\u8fd0\u8425\u5b9e\u4f53\uff09\u4e4b\u95f4\u7b7e\u7f72\u4e86\u540d\u4e49\u4e0a\u6709\u6548\u7684\u6cd5\u5f8b\u5408\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u539f\u544a\u53ef\u4ee5\u653e\u5f03\u590d\u6742\u7684\u6b3a\u8bc8\u5b9a\u6027\uff0c\u76f4\u63a5\u5c06\u88ab\u544a\u672a\u80fd\u4f9d\u7ea6\u8fd4\u8fd8\u6295\u8d44\u6536\u76ca\u6216\u8fdd\u89c4\u8f6c\u79fb\u9879\u76ee\u8d44\u91d1\u7684\u884c\u4e3a\uff0c\u5b9a\u6027\u4e3a\u5408\u540c\u8fdd\u7ea6\uff0c\u8981\u6c42\u89e3\u9664\u5408\u540c\u5e76\u8bf7\u6c42\u8fdd\u7ea6\u635f\u5bb3\u8d54\u507f\u6216\u8fd4\u8fd8\u5bf9\u4ef7\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff08\u4e8c\uff09\u5408\u540c\u4e4b\u8bc9\u7684\u663e\u8457\u4f18\u52bf\uff1a\u7a0b\u5e8f\u4e0a\u7684\u9ad8\u786e\u5b9a\u6027<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u7ba1\u8f96\u6743\u4e0e\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9002\u7528\u7684\u786e\u5b9a\u6027<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">&nbsp;\u56fd\u9645\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4e2d\u6700\u8017\u65f6\u8017\u8d44\u7684\u5f80\u5f80\u662f\u65e9\u671f\u7684\u7ba1\u8f96\u6743\u4e89\u593a\u6218\uff08\u5982\u88ab\u544a\u4e3b\u5f20\u201c\u4e0d\u4fbf\u7ba1\u8f96\u6cd5\u9662\u201d\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u800c\u5546\u4e1a\u5408\u540c\u901a\u5e38\u5305\u542b\u660e\u786e\u7684\u7ba1\u8f96\u6743\u6761\u6b3e\u548c\u6cd5\u5f8b\u9002\u7528\u6761\u6b3e\u3002\u539f\u544a\u53ef\u4ee5\u51ed\u501f\u8fd9\u4e9b\u6761\u6b3e\u76f4\u63a5\u8d77\u8bc9\uff0c\u62ff\u5230\u5224\u51b3\u540e\u518d\u5728\u5883\u5916\u6267\u884c\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. \u8f83\u4f4e\u7684\u4e3e\u8bc1\u8d23\u4efb<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u8bc1\u660e\u4e00\u4e2a\u4eba\u6784\u6210\u201c\u6b3a\u8bc8\u201d\uff0c\u5728\u4efb\u4f55\u6cd5\u7cfb\u4e2d\u90fd\u5c5e\u4e8e\u6781\u9ad8\u6807\u51c6\u7684\u4e3e\u8bc1\u8d23\u4efb\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4f46\u5728\u5408\u540c\u4e4b\u8bc9\u4e2d\uff0c\u539f\u544a\u53ea\u9700\u8981\u5ba2\u89c2\u8bc1\u660e\u5408\u540c\u7684\u5b58\u5728\u3001\u81ea\u5df1\u5c65\u884c\u4e86\u4ed8\u6b3e\u4e49\u52a1\uff0c\u4ee5\u53ca\u88ab\u544a\u6ca1\u6709\u4f9d\u7ea6\u5c65\u884c\u5bf9\u5e94\u7684\u4e49\u52a1\uff08\u5373\u8fdd\u7ea6\u4e8b\u5b9e\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u88ab\u544a\u7684\u4e3b\u89c2\u610f\u56fe\u662f\u51fa\u4e8e\u5584\u610f\u52aa\u529b\u8fd8\u662f\u84c4\u610f\u6b3a\u8bc8\uff0c\u5728\u6240\u4e0d\u95ee\u3002\u8fd9\u6781\u5927\u5730\u7b80\u5316\u4e86\u5ead\u5ba1\u7684\u535a\u5f08\u8fc7\u7a0b\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\">\uff08\u4e09\uff09\u81f4\u547d\u52a3\u52bf\uff1a\u5408\u540c\u76f8\u5bf9\u6027\u4e0e\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u7684\u514d\u75ab\u5c4f\u969c<\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">1. \u5211\u4e8b\u4f18\u4e8e\u6c11\u4e8b\u7684\u9650\u5236<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5f88\u591a\u8bc8\u9a97\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u5408\u540c\u90fd\u7ea6\u5b9a\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5883\u5185\u8bc9\u8bbc\u4ef2\u88c1\u3002\u4f46\u8fd9\u4e9b\u8bc8\u9a97\u6848\u4ef6\u4e5f\u5f80\u5f80\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5883\u5185\u8fdb\u5165\u5230\u4e86\u5211\u4e8b\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u5982\u679c\u4f9d\u636e\u5408\u540c\u5728\u4e2d\u56fd\u5883\u5185\u8d77\u8bc9\uff0c\u4f9d\u636e\u5211\u4e8b\u4f18\u4e8e\u6c11\u4e8b\u7684\u539f\u5219\uff0c\u6cd5\u9662\u901a\u5e38\u4e0d\u4f1a\u53d7\u7406\u6848\u4ef6\u6216\u4e2d\u6b62\u5ba1\u7406\u6848\u4ef6\uff0c\u4ee5\u4fbf\u5211\u4e8b\u6848\u4ef6\u7684\u4fa6\u67e5\u4e0e\u516c\u8bc9\u7684\u63a8\u8fdb\u3002\u53d7\u5bb3\u4eba\u6682\u65f6\u6401\u7f6e\u6c11\u4e8b\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7ef4\u6743\uff0c\u79ef\u6781\u914d\u5408\u516c\u5b89\u673a\u5173\u6ca1\u6536\u8fdd\u6cd5\u6240\u5f97\u53ca\u96c6\u4e2d\u9000\u8d43\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">2. 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class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e00\u65e6\u8bc9\u8bf8\u5408\u540c\uff0c\u6b3a\u8bc8\u8005\u5e55\u540e\u7684\u81ea\u7136\u4eba\u64cd\u7eb5\u624b\u3001\u63a5\u6536\u8d43\u6b3e\u7684\u5173\u8054\u4f01\u4e1a\u3001\u4ee5\u53ca\u534f\u52a9\u6d17\u94b1\u7684\u673a\u6784\uff0c\u90fd\u53ef\u4ee5\u51ed\u501f\u81ea\u8eab\u4e0d\u662f\u5408\u540c\u7b7e\u5b57\u65b9\u4e3a\u7531\uff0c\u8131\u79bb\u4e8e\u8bc9\u8bbc\u7a0b\u5e8f\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\">3. \u7f3a\u4e4f\u5bf9\u7269\u6551\u6d4e\u4e0e\u7a7f\u900f\u529b<\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">\u4e0e\u4fb5\u6743\u4e4b\u8bc9\u7c7b\u4f3c\uff0c\u5408\u540c\u4e4b\u8bc9\u4ea7\u751f\u7684\u540c\u6837\u662f\u7eaf\u7cb9\u7684\u5bf9\u4eba\u8bf7\u6c42\u6743\u3002\u5b83\u65e0\u6cd5\u89e6\u53d1\u8861\u5e73\u6cd5\u4e0a\u7684\u8ffd\u8e2a\u6743\uff0c\u65e0\u6cd5\u5411\u6cd5\u5ead\u7533\u8bf7\u5bf9\u8f6c\u8ba9\u7ed9\u7b2c\u4e09\u65b9\u7684\u8d44\u4ea7\u4e3b\u5f20\u4fe1\u6258\u6743\u76ca\uff0c\u5728\u5bf9\u6297\u88ab\u544a\u7834\u4ea7\u6e05\u7b97\u65f6\uff0c\u5176\u5730\u4f4d\u540c\u6837\u5904\u4e8e\u52a3\u52bf\u3002<\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"%E4%BA%94%E3%80%81%E7%BB%93%E8%AF%AD\"><\/span>\u4e94\u3001\u7ed3\u8bed<span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p 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